ophthalmology

Unmasking the Subtle Squint: A Key Exam Guide to Superior Oblique Palsy

Neuro-Ophthalmology /

Feature Congenital Unilateral SOP Congenital Bilateral SOP Acquired Unilateral SOP Acquired Bilateral SOP Head Posture Tilt to Unaffected Side Chin Down Tilt/Face Turn to Unaffected Side (to overcome diplopia) Chin Depression Facial Asymmetry Present (reduction of distance between lateral canthus & corner of mouth on side of head posture) Absent (unless also unilateral) Absent Absent […]

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Managing Ocular Hypertension (OHT) According to NICE Guidelines

Glaucoma, Guidelines /

Ocular Hypertension (OHT) refers to consistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) without clinical signs of glaucomatous optic neuropathy or visual field loss. However, if left unmanaged, it can progress to Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma (COAG) and cause irreversible vision damage. The primary goal in managing OHT is to reduce IOP and prevent progression to glaucoma —

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👁️ Managing Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma (COAG) According to NICE Guidelines

Guidelines /

Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma (COAG) is a leading cause of preventable vision loss worldwide. In the UK, management is guided by NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) recommendations, which emphasize a stepwise, patient-centered approach to control intraocular pressure (IOP) and preserve sight. Let’s explore the current gold-standard management plan based on the latest

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👁️ Myopic Macular Degeneration: When High Myopia Threatens Central Vision

Posterior Segment /

High myopia is no longer just a refractive condition — it is increasingly being recognized as a vision-threatening disease, particularly when structural changes develop at the level of the posterior pole. One of the most concerning complications of high axial myopia is Myopic Macular Degeneration (MMD), a form of progressive degeneration that can result in

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👁️ High Myopia and Cataract Surgery: A Challenging Combination

Anterior Segment, Lens and Cataract /

Cataract surgery in patients with high myopia can be particularly tricky. These eyes present with anatomical and functional differences that require careful preoperative planning, intraoperative caution, and close postoperative monitoring. In this blog post, we break down the potential problems during cataract surgery in high myopes — stage-wise — and offer practical pearls for safe

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🌫️ Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy (FED): From Guttae to Grafts

Anterior Segment /

By Dr. Hemali Kanabar | July 9, 2025 👁️ What is Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy? Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy (FED) is a progressive, bilateral, and typically asymmetric corneal dystrophy that affects the endothelial layer of the cornea. It leads to corneal decompensation and visual loss due to fluid accumulation and corneal thickening. 🧬 Pathophysiology In FED, the

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👁️ Symblepharon – When the Lid and Globe Become One

Anterior Segment, Orbit /

By Dr. Hemali Kanabar | July 9, 2025 🩺 What is Symblepharon? Symblepharon refers to an adhesion between the palpebral conjunctiva (the lining of the eyelid) and the bulbar conjunctiva (the surface of the eyeball). It may be partial or complete, and severely limits the mobility of the eye and eyelid, potentially leading to visual

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🧠 Mastering the Ocular Motility Examination: A Practical FRCOphth OSCE Guide

Examination Techniques /

Ocular motility is a high-yield station in the FRCOphth Part 2 Oral Examination and is commonly tested during OSCEs and clinical assessments. This seemingly straightforward task can reveal critical neuro-ophthalmic and strabismic clues — but only if approached in a structured and complete manner. In this blog, I’ll walk you through a stepwise guide to

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FRCOphth Part 1 Exam: Complete Guide to Topic Weightage and Strategic Preparation

2 Comments / Resources /

Preparing for the FRCOphth Part 1 examination requires a strategic approach based on understanding the actual topic distribution. This comprehensive guide analyzes the official exam structure and provides evidence-based preparation strategies to help you succeed. Understanding the Current Exam Structure The FRCOphth Part 1 is a Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) examination consisting of 180 questions (though typically

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